Cotton losing ground as global apparel industry embraces synthetic fabrics.
The world's clothing is undergoing a metamorphosis. A shift from natural cotton to synthetic fibers like polyester and nylon is rippling through the global apparel industry. Data from Fashinza reveals a stark contrast: man-made fibers currently account for a whopping 72 per cent of global textile consumption, compared to just 28 per cent for natural fibers like cotton. A report by Textile Exchange highlights the demand for synthetic fibers is projected to grow at a rate of 3.1 per cent globally, outpacing the 2.5 per cent growth expected for cotton. This trend is driven by a numerous factors, with functionality and economics being the most important ones.
Functional fabrics take the lead
While cotton’s strength is its breathability, synthetic fibers like polyester offer distinct advantages. Athleisure wear, a booming market segment, thrives on these benefits. "Synthetic fabrics offer superior moisture-wicking properties and faster drying times, keeping athletes cool and comfortable during workouts," says Sarah Johnson, a material scientist at a leading sportswear brand. This functionality extends beyond athletic wear. "Man-made fibers can be engineered for wrinkle resistance, shape retention, and durability," adds Marie Durand, a fashion designer in Paris. These features resonate with consumers seeking low-maintenance clothing. Indeed, synthetic fibers offer superior performance attributes its versatility can be manipulated to achieve a wider range of textures, weights, and drapes, catering to diverse fashion trends. No wonder, a major garment exporter, Bangladesh is actively investing in synthetic fiber production to meet the rising global demand.
Cotton's price pinch
Then there is the price factor as cotton prices can fluctuate significantly, impacting production costs. A 2020 Textile Exchange, a non-profit focused on sustainable textiles report, noted rising cotton prices due to factors like extreme weather events. Cotton production is susceptible to weather fluctuations and pests, leading to price volatility. This volatility makes budgeting for cotton-based apparel challenging for manufacturers. In contrast, synthetic fibers offer more stable pricing, allowing for better cost control.
Product trends and sustainability concerns
Fashion trends also play a role. The athleisure boom, coupled with the rise of activewear as everyday wear, fuels demand for synthetic fabrics. However, sustainability concerns loom large. Synthetic fibers are derived from fossil fuels and can contribute to microplastic pollution. The industry is responding with innovations like recycled polyester, but challenges remain. Also, cotton production is water-intensive, raising environmental concerns. Some recycled synthetic fibers are emerging as a more sustainable alternative.
The shift towards synthetics is evident across the globe, but the pace varies. The US market, with its emphasis on comfort and functionality, has readily embraced synthetics. The EU market, with a stronger focus on natural materials and environmental consciousness, shows a slower shift. "European consumers are increasingly demanding sustainable alternatives, and brands are looking to innovative materials like Tencel, a more eco-friendly fiber derived from wood pulp," observes Anna Schulz, a fashion journalist based in Berlin.
As the global apparel industry is at a crossroads. Synthetic fibers offer undeniable functional advantages and cost benefits, but sustainability concerns remain. Innovation in recycled materials and natural alternatives like Tencel could bridge the gap. Ultimately, the future of fabric may lie in a blend – leveraging the best of both natural and synthetic fibers to create comfortable, durable, and eco-conscious clothing.
